Historical and Current Issues Going on Between North and South Sudan in Africa Free Essays

Historical and Current issues going on between North and South Sudan in Africa Sudan and South Sudan have signed a â€Å"non-aggression† pact over their disputed border following talks in Addis Ababa where African Union-led negotiations between the two sides are being held. The deal was signed by Thomas Douth, the head of South Sudan’s intelligence bureau, and Mohammed Atta, Sudan’s director of national intelligence and security. The two countries agree to non-aggression and co-operation,† Thabo Mbeki, the chief negotiator and former president of South Africa, told reporters on Friday. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical and Current Issues Going on Between North and South Sudan in Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the pact, the two sides agreed â€Å"respect for each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity† and to â€Å"refrain from launching any attack, including bombardment†. The countries’ disputes center on four issues: demarcation of the oil and mineral rich disputed border between the two countries, the price the South will pay the north to move southern oil through the northern pipeline to Port Sudan for shipment, surreptitious support by both governments of rebellious groups in each other’s territories, and final implementation of provisions of the two countries’ peace agreement to resolve peacefully the governance of Blue Nile Province, the Nuba Mountains, and the Abyei region. Nearly two years have passed since the governments of Sudan and South Sudan started negotiations. The negotiation teams first met in July 2010 to sign the guiding principles for South Sudan’s referendum and secession process; however, progress has been slow. Today this stalled negotiation process threatens the peace and stability of the two Sudans and the region at large. Therefore, its successful conclusion should be a priority for both governments and the greater international community. The outbreak of violence in South Kordofan in June 2011, and in Blue Nile in September 2011, has undermined the already tenuous security environment and blocked progress on critical outstanding negotiation issues. The conflicts in South Kordofan and Blue Nile are central to the negotiation process. The Government of Sudan has called for South Sudan to stop its alleged support of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North, or SPLM-N, and for security to be established along their contested border. The north-south border area has been militarized for several years; this ominous military buildup by both countries brings them one step closer to war. A year ago the Southern government stopped all oil production about 70 percent of historic Sudan’s known oil reserves are in the South when it discovered the Khartoum government was diverting oil, selling it on the spot market, and taking all of the revenue. How to cite Historical and Current Issues Going on Between North and South Sudan in Africa, Papers

Personal Cultural Reflection-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a Personal Cultural Reflection. Answer: Cultural beliefs and practices greatly determine how people perceive the world around them. Sometimes when people of different cultures meet, adapting to the dominant group's belief becomes inevitable. At times due to culture clash, it becomes hard to accept or be comfortable with cultural elements from other groups. Having Chinese roots, I have felt what it means to be influenced by two cultures, that is, both the Eastern and Western ways of life. Culture has impacted not just my perception of things around me but also prepared me for global management. There is still more to learn however about others both from day to day interaction while being directed by cultural ideals. My personality has greatly been influenced by my Chinese roots in as much as I was born here in Australia. This is mainly because of the time I spend with relatives. I am a great believer in Confucianism which advocates for the treatment of those around with respect no matter how much one may think they do not deserve. Handling others the way you would like to be treated is one thing that is also advocated for by a good number of people both in the religious and political realms and also at work( Hayibor, 2017). Interaction with others has only reinforced this traditional ideal. Contrary to what many believe, it is not always a must for one to renounce his or her cultural beliefs when in a country in which he or she falls in the minority (Trueba et al.,2014). In my interaction with others, I try as much as possible to live according to what is deemed respectful, just and appropriate by my cultural beliefs. I meet a lot of people as in my daily endeavors. These people sometimes have a completely different beliefs and values compared to mine whereas in other cases we tend to have nearly similar beliefs. A majority of those I interact with belong to the Christian majority and practice what can be simply termed as the Western lifestyle. Occasionally, I also meet with those who trace their roots to Hinduism and those whose culture bear significant religious elements. Most of these people always have something new to offer hence I find myself being keen to learn anything that I can from them. Their beliefs and practices are sometimes very appealing especially the religious celebrations such as Easter and non-religious celebrations or feasts. I have come to appreciate that sometimes these practices that have been passed through generations also define aspects of people's behavior, especially how they behave towards others. I always try to learn some of the aspects of my own culture that peopl e may find conflicting with their own as I try to integrate what I learn into my own lifestyle. Theories have been advanced about what happens when different cultures interact. As per the dominant ideology thesis, it is believed that those whose culture is widespread mostly shape others beliefs through their numbers and influence on entities such as the media (Abercrombie et al,2015). I believe there is a lot that I have come to learn and still appreciate from what I watch. Likewise, I believe that I am influenced those around me especially those whom I communicate with virtually through social media. Sharing cultural information may change the behavior and perceptions of those whose curiosity outweigh their adherence to certain customs (Ferreira and Francisca, 2014). Not only have I understood what is others consider appropriate but have also come to know how to effectively communicate with others and what should and can be said at specific occasions. Learning other people's cultural values and principles has not been entirely easy. I experienced culture shock at several instances. Sometimes I have found myself on a collision course with other people especially the very religious individuals. I believe in the supernatural, only that my beliefs do not resonate with the majority. When it comes to dressing, I still hold the opinion that it is important to try as much as possible to be decent since it is one way that can encourage upholding morals. My definition of what is decent has been quite what is held by a majority of those I interact with. I, however, tolerate what I do not find appealing for which the majority are comfortable with. Things such as bowing down slightly as a sign of respect during greeting is not common in Australia, whereas it is the norm in China hence adapting has not been entirely smooth. As globalization becomes a reality, people are taking different positions, some aligning their cultural beliefs with those of the majority (Cleveland et al.,2016). Others are however diverging. I believe diverging may not be the best opinion especially for those who live in progressive societies. There might be dire consequences of isolating oneself from the way of life of the majority (Cleveland et al.,2016). Importantly, those who do so may miss on important developments especially when it comes to innovations. Divergence may limit people in terms of accessing new products that may result from the interaction of different people or globalization in general (Chan, 2016). It is true that convergence may lead to the erosion of some cultures. However, this should not be feared since it is the only way that people can learn if some aspects of their beliefs are backward (Diehl et al,2016). A believer that convergence is safe, I am open to trying aspects of other people's cultures wheneve r I have the intuition that they are reasonable. The world is generally moving towards uniformity hence embracing others will make several aspects of life easier (Chakraborty, 2017). Business is one area that I believe benefits greatly as a result of convergence since aspects such as communication become very easy. Moreover, people develop similar commodity taste and also find commodities that they did not initially like quite appealing (Peykani, and Rad,2016). This way movement to other countries becomes easy and adapting is also made quicker. Everyone has shortcomings when it comes to dealing with those who are different, in terms of beliefs or ways of life. I do not think I am left out. Sometimes I become greatly upset by those who try to force their customs, culture, and beliefs on others just because they feel that what they uphold is right while other people are wrong. I sometimes avoid this lot while at other times keenly listen to them while withholding my opinion as I try to decipher their point of view. We cannot always be right all the time. I especially get repealed by those who are too much into politics and religion to the point that they base all their reasoning from religious and political figures and books. On the contrary, I find those who are equally curious about other cultures quite appealing. This enthusiasm to know more about those around them, especially those whose cultures have traces of practices from outside the country or continent is one thing I believe greatly promotes positive convergence. Le arning from others is never a bad thing. I believe that my position as an Australian born citizen with Chinese roots is and will continue to prepare me for global management. Specifically, I am of the opinion that I can comfortably work as a management analyst. This position requires a person who is adept at communicating effectively with those from different backgrounds (Bls.gov, 2017). A person who is interested in this role should be accommodative of people from diverse backgrounds since they may be forced to work in faraway geographical regions due to circumstances such as transfers (Houmanfar and Mattaini, 2016).For one to have these characteristics he or she has to start early when it comes to understanding other peoples cultures. It is because of this that I do not shy away from learning all that I can from others. An analysis of Australia using Hofstedes principles makes it easy to see why the Australian culture is the way it is relative to others. On the masculinity index, it ranks at about 61 percent meaning that it is a masculine society, and as such it has a culture of competitiveness hence I have found it a bit difficult to fit in. When it comes to the uncertainty avoidance index, Australia ranks at 51%( Hofstede and Bond, 1984). This means that most people here do not feel much threatened by situations that they are not sure about, as is the case of people from other backgrounds or cultures. On the long-term orientation index, they can be best described as normative. With a rank of 21%, it means that most Australians greatly value and respect their traditions (Hofstede and Bond, 1984). On the indulgence index, the country ranks at about 71% meaning that the propensity of people from this country to have fun and engage in leisure activities is quite high. It is for this reason that I feel that most people I engage with are always lively. When it comes to the power distance index the country ranks at around 36% meaning that it is not very hierarchical. As such those who work here need to understand that there are ranks in organizations hence they need to respect those who rank high. On the individuality index, the country ranks at around 90% meaning that there is little interdependence between people. As such, people are expected to display a high degree of self-reliance. I always try to do this as a result. I believe that deep down there is not much that separates us as human beings. Most of these cultural practices passed down to us should not hold us back whenever a change is inevitable. Importantly, we should not be quick to judge those from backgrounds that are not our own. The world is transforming into a global village, with great opportunities that can only be realized once we do not isolate ourselves. I hope to learn a lot not just from books but also practically, about other people and how best to interact with them. References Abercrombie, N., Hill, S. and Turner, B.S., 2015.The dominant ideology thesis. Routledge. Bls.gov. (2017).Management Analysts : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/management-analysts.htm [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. Chakraborty, S., 2017. Environment, Globalization and Culture.Philosophy and Progress,57(1-2), pp.105-118. Chan, S., 2016. Cultural and Political Convergence and Divergence: Survey Data across the Taiwan Strait with US and Korean Comparisons.Democratization in Taiwan: Challenges in Transformation. Diehl, C., Gijsberts, M., Gveli, A., Koenig, M., Kristen, C., Lubbers, M., McGinnity, F., Mhlau, P., Platt, L. and Van Tubergen, F., 2016. Causes and Consequences of Socio-Cultural Integration Processes among New Immigrants in Europe (SCIP).GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5956 Data file Version,1(0). Ferreira Peralta, C. and Francisca Saldanha, M., 2014. Knowledge-centered culture and knowledge sharing: the moderator role of trust propensity.Journal of Knowledge Management,18(3), pp.538-550. Hayibor, S., 2017. Is fair treatment enough? Augmenting the fairness-based perspective on stakeholder behaviour.Journal of Business Ethics,140(1), pp.43-64. Hofstede, G. and Bond, M.H., 1984. Hofstede's culture dimensions: An independent validation using Rokeach's value survey.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,15(4), pp.417-433. Houmanfar, R.A. and Mattaini, M.A., 2016. Leadership and Cultural Change: Implications for Behavior Analysis. Peykani, M.H. and Rad, H.T., 2016. Literacy Globalization and the Demand for Cultural Change Policy.International Education Studies,9(11), p.82. Trueba, H.T., Jacobs, L. and Kirton, E., 2014.Cultural Conflict Adaptation. Routledge.

Documenting Minutes At Professional Meeting -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Documenting Minutes At Professional Meeting? Answer: Introduction Organizations around the world develop new ideas to win the market race in the present world. The success of any organization depends on various factors that range from management of resources to the management of time and finance. One important factor is to manage meetings (Harvard Business Review, 2017). Whether it is a group meeting, a team meeting or board meeting- meetings are a crucial part of any organization. The following report demonstrates the several nuances of a meeting. It explains the reason for a meeting, the type, communication tool used and so on. Agenda is a crucial part of any meeting, which has also been discussed in the report. The minutes of the meeting provides all the details discussed. The success of any meeting relies on the active participation of the members of an organization. it is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that the meeting is productive. Discussion To proceed with the task, first it has to be understood what a meeting means and in what way it is significant for an organization. Meetings help members of the organization understand the shared aim of the team or the group and the means by which they can contribute to its success (Allen et al. 2014). It provides a platform for individuals to interact and express their views. A meeting can be either productive or useless; this depends on how it has been managed by the leader. Organizing a meeting The launch of a new product of the company is programmed to take place next month. A meeting has been scheduled for all the employees to give inputs of the event of the launch. The meeting would allow the employees to learn about the product such as its specifications before it reaches the consumers. The company has a good reputation in the market and boasts of a great number of loyal customers. With the launch of the new product, the company plans to increase its customer base and expand the business as well. The company also aims to widen its target consumer as it has been focusing mainly on women. The new product is likely to appeal to both the genders. The meeting is being held to discuss the details of the launch and possible program that lead up to the main event. The manager expects cent percent participation of the staff. All the employees are asked to give prior information regarding their availability (Allen and Rogelberg 2013). Mode of Communication The time, venue and date of the meeting are communicated to the employees via email. The mail is to be sent to the official mail IDs of the employees giving details regarding the meeting. The employees are to revert to the mail with an acknowledgment that confirms are their participation. The first detail that is to be included is the time of the meeting. It has to be clearly mentioned with instructions to attend the meeting on time. The second is the venue of the meeting that is to be stated in the mail. Although the employees are aware of the meeting venue, still since the meeting is regarding the launch of a product, the meeting venue must be themed on it (Allen et al. 2012). This information has to be unmistakably conveyed to the employees. The next detail to be added in the mail is the date of the meeting, which might be included with the time. There has to be at least a ten to fifteen days window for the employees to prepare for the meeting. Further, the mail has to have details regarding the dress code to be followed at the meeting. Then, the employees must be asked to give prior notification if they have any issues with the time or the date of the meeting. The email also must contain the virtual signature of the convener of the meeting. The Agenda Every meeting ends successfully if it is backed up by a concrete and well-defined agenda. Preparing an agenda helps the attendees and the convener have a clear idea of the issues and ideas that are to be discussed. A meeting without an agenda has o direction and results in an unproductive end to the meeting. Therefore, it is very essential for any organization or a company to set an agenda before holding a meeting. The agenda for the product launch has to include a complete list of topics to be covered at the meeting. The agenda must begin with the details of the things that are to be covered during the meeting. The agenda for the product launch meetings lists topics of such as: Members required for the meeting Members whose participation is not mandatory Evaluation of action items Classification of fresh action items Analysis of issues and Evaluation of new issues The above list has to be discussed one by one with all the participants present in the meeting. to be precise, the first thing in the agenda is to identify employees who are involved with the product launch and whose participation is of utmost importance. Next, those not involved in the product launch are also welcomed to be a part of the meeting but their participation is not mandatory. The next items that follow are elaborated to the attendees. The product specifications, targeted buyers, expected returns and so on are all discussed. Minutes of the meeting The minutes are the notes taken during the meeting that assist employees who are unable to attend the meeting and want to know what was discussed. The responsible persons for future references store minutes carefully (Gutmann 2016). The points discussed in the meeting for the product launch included the features of the product, possible threats to the product, chronology of events of the launch and celebrities approached to launch the product. The companys chief executive officer was invited in the meeting. The CEO gave an introductory speech to boost the employees. The absentees apologies were read out to the participants in the meeting. Thus, the conclusion drawn from the above report suggests that every company or organization considers meeting to be crucial part of management. Meetings are held not just to welcome a new employee or discuss a new product or a new idea; meetings are held to encourage group dynamics, a friendly workplace, and healthy interaction. Meetings are a way to let the employees know that the company values their views and opinions. The above report mentions the different elements that need to be kept in mind while conducting a meeting. Developing procedure for formal meetings Standard agenda of the meeting In order to call a meeting, it is necessary for the person who has been assigned the task to develop the meeting procedure, to fix the agenda first (Williams, 2015). Since the organizational structure has changed from the last annual meeting, he or she has to study the previous meetings minutes. The agenda for the case organization incorporates along with the standard pattern: Officers Present- Names of directors and managers in order of their posts Names of those who attended the meeting Guests- Members invited by the organization Members and envoys- Enlists the members of the organizations and their substitutes present in the meeting. The officer who chairs the meeting welcomes the delegates and members and extends his gratitude to the attendees of the AGM (Banko et al. 2013). The chairperson then orders for the commencement of the meeting after substantiating the required number of members present. The notice of the meeting, then the speech, the auditors report, follows these steps and finally the items of agendas of the meeting are taken up for contemplation. Answer 2: Preparation for the meeting The chief purpose of the meeting is to introduce the new members of the organization and explain the new structure. In addition to that, new posts are to be assigned to the senior members of the organization. The decision of the board of directors for the opening of a new department is to be announced in the annual meeting as well. The minutes taken from the previous year AGM has to be read out by the treasurer and distributed to the members at the time of the meeting. All the details regarding the financial status of the organization also to be informed by the treasurer. The meeting is to be held at the conference room of the organization. There is a separate section reserved for the media at the meeting venue. In addition, the conference hall has space to chair 500 delegates. Separate accommodation has been allotted to the shareholders and foreign delegates. Answer 3: Type of Meeting The meeting is going to be a formal general meeting that takes place after the end of every financial year. The setting is the conference hall of the organization where the boards of directors take seat in an elevated platform facing the other members and delegates. A separate provision for web conferencing has been set up for the members who are unable to attend the meeting in physical. Answer 4: Procedures to be taken An annual formal meeting cannot be successful without following certain procedures (Braley and Sarah 2014). To make a meeting happen, one should make sure that the following points have been checked and met with: First is the budget- Conducting a meeting asks for expenses. The one responsible for arranging the meeting has to makes sure that the guests and attendees as well as the media persons are given all facilities, from accommodation to lunch and everything (Rogelberg, Shanock and Scott 2012). The second part is the transportation- The manager has to ensure that everyone attends the meeting and for that, he or she has to look after the transportation facilities. Anyone missing the meeting due to transportation problem sends out a negative message about the organization and its management. The next crucial part is to have pre-meeting documentation- Every member attending the meeting has to be given prior documents regarding the meeting. This allows the participants to prepare for the meeting and make considerations if any. Other important parts of the procedures may include the opting of a date, the venue of meeting, equipments required and so on. Answer 5: Dispatching meeting papers The efficiency of a formal meeting depends on the fact as to how well the participants are informed. In order to do that, the manager must allow the participants enough time to learn about the upcoming meeting. It can be done by dispatching the meeting papers beforehand. Now, the perfect time of dispatch has to be decided very carefully, as it cannot be sent too early or too late. One should make sure that the papers are dispatched at a time that enables the attendees to read, consider and respond back (Baran et al. 2012). The documents may be dispatched either by email or through letters. Email is an easier and time saving option. Papers sent through emails also allow participants to revert with an acknowledgment instantly. This method also benefits the organization economically as it saves the extra expense. Answer 6: Chairing Meetings It is a big responsibility to chair meetings, as the chair has to take care of the minutest things. Chairing meetings thus is not an easy task to do (Peni 2014). To ensure that the meeting is productive the chair must guarantee the given points: Supervising the meeting and ensure that is runs smoothly Check if the meeting starts and ends within the allotted time Check if all the members are present Check if all the items of the agenda are covered time to listen to expert views if any Make sure that the results are comprehended and appreciated End the meeting with an appreciation and gratitude note for all participants. The chair also documents recommendations made by the participants during the meeting (Hilb 2012). He or she then allots particular tasks to his or her team member to carry out certain responsibilities. Answer 7: Designing Agenda Designing an agenda is the most important part of a meeting. it becomes easier to manage meetings if there is a set agenda available. It ensures that the meeting is productive and ends on a positive note. Agendas may be preset by the organization and some rules might have to be followed while designing it but commonly a typical format is followed by organizations to conduct meetings. A customary agenda includes items such as: Association Date, time and place of the meeting Date of subsequent meeting Common business Chief agenda items Issues or business occurring from the minute Reports Declaration of the meetings intention Welcome note and so on. Answer 8: Participation of the meeting The anticipated accomplishment of a meeting decides what number of members should participate in a meeting. Excessive participation might slow and baffle the decision-making and less participation might result in insufficient representation. The chair of the meeting has to remain focused and attend to every participant. His or her role is to listen to the recommendations made, the idea proposed and issues raised by the members. Certain powers are also vested upon the chair while a meeting is conducted. The chair can also give personal views on any matter raised during the meeting (Kauffeld and Lehmann-Willenbroc 2012). Along with these powers, the chair must also possess the quality to encourage members to participate in the meeting. Answer 9: Conventions to be followed by minute taker In every meeting, a minute taker records the proceedings of the meeting and stores them for future purpose. The minute taker has to be active and a good listener. Various functions are performed by the minute taker that include- agenda preparation, noting minutes while meeting takes place, clarifying confusions with the chair, getting approval for the minutes and dispatching them to participants. The minute taker has to follow certain conventions while noting down the minutes (Smith 2013). He has to have knowledge of the previous minutes and subsequently format them as per the requirements of the meeting. Answer 10: Transcribing the meeting A meeting should be transcribed through reliable resources that ensures future availability when need arises. However, the organization has to have a personal record of the meeting (Svennevig 2012). The basic thing to do is to install an audio device that would record proceedings in a clear and accurate manner. Although the organization incorporates various ways to transcript a meeting, it is always recommended that an expert transcription service be hired. Answer 11: Distribution and storing of minutes The chairperson approves the minutes after thoroughly going through the details at the end of the meeting. After the minutes are approved, they have to be distributed and stored properly. It is mandatory that the minutes be to be disseminated inside a week of the meeting. These minutes have to be distributed to all the attendees of the meeting, to the ones who have sent explanation for absenting the meeting and to other acknowledged stakeholders. The minutes then have to be stored safely for the next annual meeting of the organization. The minutes must be stored in both hard and soft copies and each member must have a copy of it. Answer 12: Reports of the meeting The report must contain a gist of the meeting. Reports are generally a precise overview of the minutes recorded during the meeting (Nyqvist 2015). This may include the decisions taken, the changes made, the motions moved in favor and against if any, recommendations and such. Other than that, the report may also contain, among other things, the next meeting date and venue, the possible invitees, the number of participants and likewise. The report can also include the names of new members introduced, new posts assigned and other changes that occurred in the organization at the meeting. References: Allen, J., Beck, T., W. Scott, C. and G. Rogelberg, S., 2014. Understanding workplace meetings: A qualitative taxonomy of meeting purposes.Management Research Review,37(9), pp.791-814. Allen, J.A. and Rogelberg, S.G., 2013. Manager-led group meetings: A context for promoting employee engagement.Group Organization Management,38(5), pp.543-569. Allen, J.A., Sands, S.J., Mueller, S.L., Frear, K.A., Mudd, M. and Rogelberg, S.G., 2012. Employees' feelings about more meetings: An overt analysis and recommendations for improving meetings.Management Research Review,35(5), pp.405-418. Banko, J. et al., 2013. Earnings Management and Annual General Meetings: The Role of Managerial Entrenchment. The Financial Review, 48(2), pp.259282. Baran, B.E., Shanock, L.R., Rogelberg, S.G. and Scott, C.W., 2012. Leading group meetings: Supervisors actions, employee behaviors, and upward perceptions.Small Group Research,43(3), pp.330-355. Braley, Sarah J.F., 2014. Meetings Mean Business, a national campaign to showcase the value derived from all types of business meetings, has been relaunched. Meetings Conventions, 49(2), p.19. Gutmann, J., 2016.Taking minutes of meetings. Kogan Page Publishers. Harvard Business Review. (2017).How To Run a Meeting. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/1976/03/how-to-run-a-meeting [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Hilb, M., 2012.New corporate governance: Successful board management tools. Springer Science Business Media. Kauffeld, S. and Lehmann-Willenbrock, N., 2012. Meetings matter: Effects of team meetings on team and organizational success.Small Group Research,43(2), pp.130-158. Nyqvist, A., 2015. The corporation performed: minutes from the rituals of annual general meetings. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 4(3), pp.341355. Peni, E., 2014. CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance.Journal of Management Governance,18(1), pp.185-205. Rogelberg, S.G., Shanock, L.R. and Scott, C.W., 2012. Wasted time and money in meetings: Increasing return on investment.Small Group Research,43(2), pp.236-245. Smith, L.S., 2013. Documenting the minutes at professional meetings.Nursing management,44(3), pp.48-51. Svennevig, J., 2012. Interaction in workplace meetings.Discourse studies,14(1), pp.3-10. Williams, D. (2015). In the Chair: How to Guide Groups and Manage Meetings.BJPsych Bulletin, 40(3), pp.167-167.

The History of Music free essay sample

The History of Western Music Music has been around since the dawn of time, ever since man first inhabited this planet we have learned to communicate in ways other then conventional speaking. Different Cultures all have there own specific way of communicating through music. Music Is basically broken Into two specific groups Eastern Music and Western Music. Eastern music is mainly derived from the orient and India. While, Western music first emerged from Europe. Western music has developed in many ways since the middle ages through its form, sound, and message. The Middle Ages In 500 A. D. Western civilization began to emerge from the period known as The Dark Ages, a time in which many Invading forces ruled Europe and brought an end to the Roman Empire. For the next hundred year, the newly emerging Christian Church would soon govern Europe, administering Justice, initiating the Crusades against the East, creating universities, and for the most part dictating the destiny of music, art and literature. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pope Gregory I Is believed to have collected the music known as Gregorian Chant, which was the approved music of the Church. Later, Notre Dame in Paris was accredited, with the creation of a new kind of music called organ.Which was created by much more melodic phrases then Gregorian Chant, organ was also the first type of music too utilize fourth and fifth Intervals, which would become one of the building blocks of modern musical theory. Music in the church had not changed much during this time as said by Charles Burner in A General History of Music Volume l, Music in the church, however, appears to have undergone no other change at this time than In being applied In some parts of the A type popular music began to erupt and was sung all over Europe by the troubadours and trousers of France.The troubadours and trousers played mainly lutes (a primitive guitar) and sung songs, which everyday people could appreciate and identify with. And It was during the middle Ages that western cultu re saw the arrival of the first great name In music, Gallinule De Macho. De Macho polyphonic style did not catch with many during the middle ages, but would later influence a flood of composers during the Renaissance. The Renaissance The Renaissance began in the year 1420 and ended in the year 1600. The Renaissance meaning rebirth was a time of great cultural awakening and a pinnacle time for the arts.Sacred music began for the first time to break free of the confines of the Church, and a number of composers trained in the Netherlands mastered polyphonic music. One of the early masters of this Flemish style was Joaquin des Perez. De Preps use of multiple melody lines gave way too the idea of orchestral music which has been a staple in the world of music for hundreds of years. These polyphonic traditions reached a zenith through the works of Giovanni dad Palestinian, who perfected this type of orchestral scoring. Secular music thrived during this period, and instrumental and dance music was performed at many social gatherings. 1 OFF ballad, the best known of which were composed by such masters as John Tolland, William Byrd, and Thomas Morley. The Baroque Age Named after the architectural style of the time, the Baroque period saw composers beginning to rebel against the styles that were prevalent during the Renaissance. Many monarchs employed composers at their courts, to compete with other countries. The greatest composer of the period, Johann Sebastian Bach, was an employed composer.Bach and other of the great composers of the time were able to break new musical ground, and in so doing succeeded in creating an entirely new style of music. During the early part of the seventeenth century the genre of opera was first created by a group of composers in Florence, Italy, the earliest of these operatic masterpieces were composed by Claudio Monteverdi. The instrumental concerto became a customary part of the Baroque era, and found its strongest advocate in the works of the Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi. Harpsichord music achieved new heights, due to the intricate works of such asDomenici Scarlatti. Dances became formalized into instrumental suites and were composed by many composers of the era. Yet, vocal and choral music still reigned supreme during this age, and culminated in the operas of German-born composer George Frederic Handel. Who according too Alfred Einstein in A Short History of Music was the set up man for musical genius Ludwig Van Beethoven, Handels achievement is the preparation for what Beethoven afterwards did with the symphony; and it is on this eminence that these two masters, so utterly unlike, meet conquerors. (69) The Classical PeriodFrom 1750 to 1820,musicians moved away from the heavily ornamented styles of the Baroque age instead embraced a clean, and uncluttered style they reminiscent of Classical Gr eece. The new aristocracies were replacing monarchs and the church as patrons of music, and were demanding an impersonal, but tuneful and elegant music. Dances such as the minuet and the gavotte were fashioned in the forms of entertaining serenades and divertimento. At this time the Austrian capital of Vienna became the musical center of Europe, and works of the period are often referred to as being in the Viennese style.Composers from all over Europe came to train in and around Vienna, and gradually they developed and formalized the standard musical forms that are prevalent today. European musical culture for the next several decades would spawn from this small area of Austria. Johann Stamina contributed greatly to the growth of the orchestra and developed the idea of the symphony. The Classical period reached its pinnacle with the masterful symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets by three great composers of the Viennese school: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven.Franz Joseph Haydn was accredited with perfecting the sonata in Charles Burners A General History of Music II in which he states, While the first movement of the sonata developed its perfected form in Hayden hands During the same period, the first voice of the Romantic Era rhea Romantic Era Composers of the Romantic Era broke new musical ground by adding a emotional depth to the prevailing classical forms. Throughout the nineteenth-century artists of all kinds became intent in expressing their emotions. The romantic artists were the first in history to give a name to their respective generation.The earliest Romantic composers were all born within a short time span in the early years of the nineteenth century. These include the great German masters Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, FRRdrich Chopin, Hector Burlier, and the greatest pianist showman in history, the Hungarian composer Franz List. During the early nineteenth century, opera composers such as Carl Maria von Weber turned to German folk stories for the stories of their operas, later in the century; German opera was virtually monopolized by Richard Wagner.During the nineteenth century, composers from non-Germanic entries began looking for ways in which they might express the musical sound of their respective homelands. Many of these composers turned to local history and legends as plots for their operas, and popular folk melod ies and dance rhythms of their homelands as inspiration for their symphonies and instrumental music. The evolution of existing instruments, plus the invention of new ones, led to the expansion of the symphony orchestra.Taking advantage of these new sounds and new instrumental combinations, the late Romantic composers of the nineteenth- century created rich and large symphonies, ballets, and concertos. Two of these late romantic composers were Johannes Brahms and Peter Illicit Tchaikovsky. rhea Twentieth-Century At the start of the twentieth-century many artists were searching for exciting and different modes of expression. Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg explored unusual and unorthodox harmonies and tonal schemes.As said by Mark Preponderates in The Ambient Century, At first there may seem to be no connection between Schoenberg and Ambient and electronic music. Schoenberg was responsible for taking German Romanticism and reeking it in two. By abandoning eye signatures and eventually caused a revolution which echoed down through the twentieth century (00). Hungarian composer Bla Bart ¶k continued in the traditions of the romantic era and fused the music of Hungarian peasants with twentieth century forms. Avian-garden composers such as Edgar Averse explored the manipulation of rhythms rather than the usual melodic/harmonic schemes.The symphony, became somewhat modified by this time, and attracted such great composers as Gustavo Mailer and Dimmit Stochastic, while Igor Stravinsky gave his full attention to Avian-garden and instrumental colors throughout his career. Many imposers throughout the twentieth-century experimented in new ways with traditional instruments, however many of the twentieth-centurys greatest composers, such as Giaconda Puccini and pianist/composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, remained true to the traditional forms of music history. The twentieth Century also produced many new genres of popular music such a s, country, blues, Jazz, and rock and roll.

Coyote Animal Investigation essays

Coyote Animal Investigation essays What animal is known to be a trickster and the Native Americans had great respect for? It is the Coyote (Canis latrans) and that is the animal that I have chosen for my Animal Investigation report. There short high pitched barks distinguish them selves from other similar animals, but are known to be quite sneaky and seeing a Coyote in the wild is quite rare because they seem to be afraid of humans in general. What other animal has the same exact characteristics as a Coyote? None, because there behavior is so different and therefore makes them unique. The Coyote, also known as the Desert Wolf belongs to the Order Carnivore and Family Canidae. Coyotes are very adaptable mammals often seen in rural and urban habitats of deserts, fields and farmlands. Their thick bushy tail, long pointy nose, and pointy ears make them stand out. Theyre about the size of a German shepherd, but slimmer boned and half the weight. An average coyote weighs about twenty-five to thirty five-pounds and there top speed for running is thirty miles per hour. In winter, their coat grows very thick to help them keep warm. They can be told apart from their larger cousin the wolf and domestic dogs because coyotes carry there tail low when running where wolves and dogs carry their tail high. They mate usually anywhere from January to March and dig a den under a tree, stump or rock. About sixty days later, the pups are born and the average litter size is six, with a range of two to twelve furred, but blind pups. Both parents share in the responsibility of raising the young. Weaning begins at three weeks, which is the young sucking on the mothers mammary glands. At ten weeks they begin to learn to hunt and leave the parents as capable young adults in the autumn about seven to eight months of age. They may live in captivity for about eighteen years, but only until eight years in the wild. The Coyote is a non-migratory animal and there movements usually ...

Westward Hilton Hotel Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Westward Hilton Hotel - Case Study Example Credit acquiring rules had increased the capital cost making it difficult for buyers to get the loan and acquire the property. In Phoenix market also the supply was increasing and demand to reduce. This means that the customers were declining and this could be as a result of United Stated recession (Cathy, 2009). In choosing to retain the hotel in the portfolio the organization could face some consequences. The hotel business was declining through the rest of portfolio was operating effectively (Cathy, 2009). This means that in keeping the hotel in the portfolio, income from other portfolios will be used to support the hotel business. If the hotel is not generating profit or enough income to cater for expenses like wages, power then it means money will be outsourced from another portfolio to cater for the expenses. This will lead to the collapse of all portfolios if the hotel will not peek in a short period of time (Chen and Clarke, 2007). Question Three Some of the Hillers general b usiness and human resources strategies are compatible while others are not compatible. Green focused on removing the obstacles or things which hindered the business from progressing. Buying of the undervalued properties can sometimes lead to the loss. Hiller can fail to obtain a buyer due to raising in the loan interests. If the organization does not get a buyer for some time, it may lack capital for future operations. The human resource strategies currently in place are compatible with training is offered to employees.

Managerial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Managerial Economics - Essay Example The major objectives of introducing incentive systems in an organisation are to provide better control over the management as well as to inspire employees to perform operations in a desired manner. Moreover, incentive systems also facilitate in better recruitment as well as management of workforce. Employees of an organisation are provided with various incentive schemes by the organisations that include monetary as well as non-monetary incentives (Magnusson & Nyrenius, 2011). In the financial or banking sector, it has been apparently observed that incentive or compensation system has acquired an important place for the development of these sectors. Moreover, in the financial sectors, employees are required to take extreme risks for acquiring a better compensation schemes. The salaries of employees in these financial sectors have been identified to be low and thus they are offered with more cash bonus facilities through incentive or compensation schemes. The major purpose of this comp ensation system is to motivate employees to take excessive risks in the form of asymmetric rewards as well as penalty system (Murphy, 2009). This discussion intends to analyse the principal-agent theory (PAT) in order to identify the issue of incentive system design in relation to financial sectors. Moreover, the key requirements that an optimal incentive system should possibly meet and the application of the aforementioned theory to the financial sector in order to come up with an efficient compensation contract for bank CEOs will also be portrayed in the discussion. A Brief Study of Principal-Agent Theory (PAT) The significant aspect of PAT principally determines the association between a principal and an agent. The interrelation that exists between principal as well as agent is featured with conflict of objective as well as through asymmetries of information. PAT usually considers the affiliation between principals as well as agents through varied viewpoints as well as interests. Principals are the individuals who are considered to possess certain formal authority as well as are committed to fulfil organisational targets. Moreover, principals are provided with efficient time resources as well as expertises in order to perform business operations in a proficient manner. Whereas, agents are the individuals who are considered to possess specific objectives as well as expertises for conducting business operations in accordance with determined goals of organisations (Smart, 2010). The PAT is mainly formulated in mathematical format that has been recognised to be quite complicated as well as composite. In PAT, when a principal is able to observe the extent of effort made by an agent to perform a work, then the principal is required to provide the agent with a forcing contract. In accordance with forcing contract, the principal is obliged to pay the agent a certain amount of money for performing activities on a specific extent of effort. In case, if the agent is u nable to perform activities at an expected extent of effort, then he or she will not be paid. These are certain incentive policies that are based upon symmetrical information (Bolton & et.al., 2005). The PAT considers certain imperative factors that